SHOOK Surname Origin and Last Name Meaning

The surname Shook is a variant of the German surname  Schuck, derived  from  scouh, meaning shoemaker. Schoch is a common Swiss variation and Schook or Schoock are commonly found in the Netherlands. Alternate Surname Spellings:  SHUK, SHOCK, SHUCK, SCHOCH, SCHUCK, SCHOOK, SCHOOCK, SHOOCK, SCHOKE, SCHUCH, SCHUSKE Surname Origin: German Where In the World Is the SHOOK  Surname Found? According to Forebears, the Shook surname is most prevalent in the United States and Guam. The original German spelling of Shuck is still much more common in Germany, especially in the Rheinland-Pfalz region according to WorldNames PublicProfiler. Shuck is also a fairly common surname in Pest, Hungary. Germany-specific surname distribution maps at Verwandt.de identify the Schuck surname as being most frequent in Miltenberg, followed by Aschaffenburg, Berlin, Kusel,  Mà ¼nchen and Kaiserslautern.   Famous People with the SHOOK  Surname Edwin M. Shook - American archaeologist and Mayanist scholarTravis Shook - American jazz pianist Genealogy Resources for the Surname SHOOK Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Shook  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Shook  family crest or coat of arms for the Shook surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Shook Surname DNA ProjectThis genetic genealogy project is open to all individuals with the surname Hahn and variants such as  Schoke, Schuch, Schuske, Shuck, who are interested in using DNA with traditional genealogical research to identify common Hahn ancestors. Shook Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Shook surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Shook surname query. FamilySearch - SHOOK GenealogyExplore over 500,000 results, including digitized records, database entries, and online family trees for the Shook surname and its variations on the FREE FamilySearch website, courtesy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. SHOOK  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts a free mailing list for researchers of the Shook surname. DistantCousin.com - SHOOK Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Shook. GeneaNet - Shook  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Shook  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Shook Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Shook surname from the website of Genealogy Today.----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

The Government´s Role in the Success of Singapore Essay

Yes, I agree that a huge part of Singapore’s economic success has been built on the government’s ability to ensure macroeconomic stability as well as build long-term growth. To ensure macroeconomic stability, fiscal policy, which is the usage of government expenditures and taxes, and monetary policy, which is the changing of interest rates and quantity of money in the economy, and supply-side policies, that look into the strengthening the production capabilities of companies, have to be implemented by the government. To build long-term economic growth, there has to be an increase in real GDP growth which is seen in an increase in 2 sources: aggregate hours and labour productivity. Aggregate hours are the total number of hours worked by†¦show more content†¦This is due to the fact that Singapore was the major port for regional trade, a service centre for British companies, and a major centre for the British Empire and military in Southeast Asia. An extensive infrastructure system was developed, ranging from ship yards and warehouses, to service facilities, like hospitals, schools and universities. By the time Singapore was declared of independence, a sizeable group of capable professionals, educated by the British system, was ready to take over the reins of governance (Anwar, S., Catley, B. Zheng, M. 2004). The strategically located booming port, initial infrastructure and competent independent government were legacies of the British rule which brought Singapore the head start in economic growth. The first election manifesto of the Singapore government was to overtake the then-prosperous Burma and to achieve that, Singapore needed to merge with the Federation of Malaya. A substantial domestic market was believed to be a requirement for economic development, as industrialisation in a small domestic market like Singapore would be fruitless. This led to the focus on export-oriented industrialisation after separation from the Federation of Malaya, to pursue the demand of products in the world market. Manufacturing industries in Singapore comprises of light industries, aerospace, engineering systems, manufacturing systems andShow MoreRelatedSingapore s Trade Between Singapore And Japan1367 Words   |  6 Pagesthree fourths of Singapore s trade in services, while other smaller countries accounted for the remaining one fourth. Due to these foreign investments into the economy, Singapore was able to prosper. The Aegean Islands was the highest percentage of Singapore s South Easter n Asian trade. As predicted by Stamford Raffles, Singapore succeeded in trade with the Aegean Islands, which made up 74% of Singapore s overall trade in 1825. Towards the early 19th century, the Singapore economy began to benefitRead MoreEast Asia is a diverse region housing some of the largest nations in the world as well as some of1300 Words   |  6 PagesAsia has experienced overwhelming success and growth rates. East Asia currently ranks as one of the top regions in the world in terms of economic success and growth. According to Thomas Leipziger, (Leipziger, 3) The East Asian countries have a record of maintaining political and economic stability and of pursuing long-term economic goals. The success of East Asia has led to much scrutiny over the role of the Government contributing towards its success. Although there might be many factorsRead MoreKey Contextual Language Differences Between Japan And Singapore And The Different Language Education Policies Of The Two Countries1288 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce the key contextual language differences between Japan and Singapore and the different language education policies of the two countries. Specifically, the historical background concerning the use of English in the two countries, the political landscape involving the role of English, the mentality towards English and lastly the teaching of English. In the past English was the language of the Singaporean government when Singapore was a British colony. Since then it has been a wellspring of economicRead MoreEconomy of Singapore 1077 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay we look in-depth on how government strategies and economic policy play a crucial role in the success of High Performance Asian Economies (HPAEs) during 1960 to 1990 (World Bank 1993).There are eight countries within HPAEs: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. Its economic development has significantly rise that it was name ‘East Asia Miracle’ (World Bank, 1993). Out of the eight country, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea wereRead Moreâ€Å"Human Resource (Employees) Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization.1034 Words   |  5 Pagesjob done, and of course, make the company money. An organizations success increasingly depends on the knowledge, skills, and abilities of its employees. Particularly as they help establish a set of core competencies which distinguish one organization from its competitors. When employees talents are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate and organize, an organization can achieve a sustained competitive advantage. In Singapore, where there are no natural resources, human capital is one of the mainRead MoreThe Migration Of Bangladeshi Transient Workers1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe migration of Bangladeshi transient workers is ultimately beneficial for Singapore s economy. Transient workers migrate to more economically stable countries due to factors such as lack of job opportunities and low wages in their country, as well as the better working conditions offered in the country they choose to migrate to. The workers usually hail from rural areas with low-paying jobs; even those are scarce. The migrant workers usually are not very highly-educated, with most being lowly-skilledRead MoreAsian Tigers Vs. South Korea1473 Words   |  6 Pagescountries named Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. These states were highly developed countries. These countries were the first states that shifted to industrialization. All the four Asian tigers have a lot of people who are very educated and are pe rfect in undertaking their tasks. These countries developed and implemented different policies and this result in economic prosperity and tried to do them than any other state. For instance, Hong Kong and Singapore became the masters of internationalRead MoreStudy of Organizational Culture in Singapore1669 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The reason behind choosing Singapore as my country of interest mainly was that I did my Co-Op there in Fall of 2011. Personally I loved the country as a work place. Also I noticed during my stay there the amount of awareness they had about green technologies and environmental issues. Singapore is like the best of both worlds. Culturally and climate wise similar to Asia and rules, regulations and policies of those like any western country. Singapore has a mixed racial population. There areRead MoreThe Execution Of A New Strategy1377 Words   |  6 Pagesup in the governmental bureau that collected information from each of the government directorates within the kingdom s Education Ministry to oversee the implementation of diverse programs connected to the education transformation that included the ICT Plan that the government wished to develop (Ministry of Economics, 2008). In Singapore, the Educational Technology Division teamed up with divisions within the government s education m inistry in such activities as curriculum preparation, developmentRead MoreCase Study : Singapore Telecom ( Singtel )1569 Words   |  7 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Singapore Telecom (SingTel) is Asia’s leading telecommunications company provides a scope for telecommunication products and services in term of fixed line, internet, mobile and pay TV. Headquartered in Singapore with over 130 years of operating experience and played pivotal role in country’s as major communication hub. SingTel has built up itself as the largest telecommunication provider in Singapore and the second largest in Australia by market share and also at the same time

Letters to a Young Poet Free Essays

Brenda Benson Letters to a Young poet by Rainer Maria Rilke Letters 1-5 Letters to a Young Poet, letter 1: â€Å"No one can advise or help you- no one. There is only one thing you should do. Go into yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Letters to a Young Poet or any similar topic only for you Order Now † I believe this advice goes for anyone, but I can identify with this. The reason is that you really can’t depend on anyone, because the other person will not care for the situation or whatever the way you do. Many of times, where I thought I could seek for other for help, they hadn’t come through for me. Even though, it is something disappointing, but it is life, we must deal with disappointment constantly. In the end, what doesn’t kill will only make you stronger, how true those words are. For when you are at your lowest point, that is when your strength shines through. Letter to a Young Poet, Letter 2:† Learn from what you feel is worth learning† Learning is not just learning from a book, it can also be about life, the experiences that a person has gone through. People have often advised me what I should do with my life and how I should live about it. It’s always difficult because we all are manipulated by society, and the slightest difference in personality makes for the biggest commotion. Well anyways, you can be told so many things, what is right and what is wrong. Sure, you listen to them, some of the advice you’ll take in and others just let it drift away. All in all, it doesn’t matter what people may say, it’s what you feel what is right. Letter to a Young Poet, Letter 3: â€Å"Always trust yourself and your own feeling, as opposed to argumentations, discussions, or introductions of that sort† This I believe is the hardest situation, which is being able to trust yourself. We always have doubts if we’re ever good enough, and always making things into a competition. Where we should make things into a learning experience, and appreciate others wisdom. When I began this school I would say that I was intimidated by the students the class, they were so talented. I doubted if I could really accomplish my goals that I had here in New York and in Parsons. Later that day, I spoke to special people; they lend me their ear and some advice. All I needed to do, all I still need to do is believe in myself, trust myself, know that my abilities are exceptional, and keep moving forward. Letters to a Young Poet, Letter 4:†Don’t hate anything† Hating is a very strong emotion, hating consumes the heart and you don’t feel much. Your mind when preoccupied by hate has nothing much to offer. It’s an emotion that tiring, and hard to let go. When you learn you stop hating, your feel so relieved, and is at peace with the world. As a young girl, I hated many things, and I had let it consumed my heart. When you hate you feel very alone, and you feel that no one is there for you, nor do you believe they will understand you. When I grew older I realize how much energy it took, how much it keeps you in the past. To move forward you must forgive, and relinquish your hatred towards things. If I hadn’t my situation would be a lot different where life would probably be miserably for me. Letters to a Young Poet, Letter 5:† But there is much beauty here, because everywhere there is much beauty† In all the chaos of the world, in all the imperfections in the world, there is still beauty. I feel that people have to go through some tragic situation; for once they encounter something different, they can find and appreciate the beauty that is presented to them. At least that’s how I look at it, life is full of different shapes and colors, it’s very much easy to miss, but when I slow down time, I’m able to see things that I couldn’t see before. How to cite Letters to a Young Poet, Essay examples Letters to a Young Poet Free Essays Late in his life, the Czech great poet Rainer Maria Rilke maintained a correspondence with a young poet, Franz Xaver Krappus through his well-known ten letters.   While in military academy, Young Franz full of passion and deep-seated appreciation for good poetry, on reading a collection of Rilke’s poetry, decided to send Rilke some of his poetry for Rilke to read and offer some advice in form of commendations and criticisms. The correspondence was thoughtful and filled within insight in various life themes, with profound messages for every one. We will write a custom essay sample on Letters to a Young Poet or any similar topic only for you Order Now It began in lasted from 1902 to 1908 and in June, 1929 three years after Rilke’s death, Franz gathered and published the letters in Berlin. Frank’ introduction of the letters detailed his encounter with the writings of Rilke while he was in the Military Academy, Vienna. He interacted with Professor Horacek who talked to him about the life of Rilke as a gifted serious gentle calm and introverted fellow while in the same academy who was dedicated to his training; Rilke continued his education at home in Prague when he could not cope in his new school away from the military academy. Through this correspondence, one understands the life of Rilke within the sentences he sent to this young poet. There is a hint to the transformation that he undergoes the principles that guide his life and how these changes influence his writing. The progression in the life of Rilke is visible in the letters sent to this 19-year old poet: his life is based on the finding of the direction of the inner pursuit; answering the basic question of life and then wait until the inner voice speaks with a bold answer. This is his opinion of the foundation of a viable career. He believes in the power of reading to build a strong writing career: good writers read and good readers write. To approach productive reading, it is important to come with an open mind and be ready to love the work. This is how best to understand writings and be in the best position to criticize them if need be. The central theme is love. He understands the difficulty associated with loving. He tells the young poet about the travail of learning how to love. He leaves him with the advice: keep learning. Sadness, aloneness also show in his write-up. This conflict with love may reflect the hitches he experiences in his family life, and why he seldom mentions his family. As an introvert, this is allowed. Rilke’s search for solitude is important in discovering the pace and direction of the inner man: this is a major theme of his life. This also keeps him away from the pressures of the outside world and its attendant conflicts. Let’s take a look at the letters: Letter One: ‘There is only one way: Go within. Search for the cause, find the impetus that bids you write.’ He writes this to advice Franz about life career starting with an introspective search for discovery of the true reason for essence in life. This letter shows the basis for his life pursuit and advice for the young poet on career choice. Letter Two: Live awhile within these books.   Learn of them, whatever seems worth the learning, but above all,  love them.   To live within the books is to be able learn, and to love them is the way to be open to its lessons and make appropriate life changes as required. Letter Three: Let me ask you right here to read as little as possible of aesthetic critiques.   It shows his distaste for criticisms that are not appreciative of the exclusive work of arts. Love is a prerequisite for true criticism. Letter Four: Try to love the questions themselves, like locked rooms and like books written in a foreign language.   Do not now look for the answers.    They cannot now be given to you because you could not live them.   The questions that arise in life do not come with answers by merely asking but until the questions are incorporated into daily living; that’s where they get answered. Letter Five: There is much beauty here because there is much beauty everywhere. Life is beauty, it al depends on what you see not where you are. Letter Six: Why don’t you think of him as the coming one, who has been at hand since eternity, the future one, the final fruit of a tree, with us as its leaves? Live your life knowing there would be pain, but you still joy. Letter Seven: To love is also good, for love is difficult. For one human being to love another is perhaps the must difficult task of all, the epitome, the ultimate test. This letter was explicit on love, and detailed the enigmatic way he sees and experienced love. Letter Eight: And this is the reason the sadness passes: the something new within us, the thing that has joined us, has entered our heart, has gone into its innermost chamber and is no longer there either– it is already in the blood. Letter Nine: Your doubt can become a good attribute if you discipline it. It must become a knowing; it must become the critic. This gives advice on how to turn doubt to a useful tool in life and career. Letter Ten: Art also is only a way of life, and we can, no matter how we live, and without knowing it, prepare ourselves for it. He admonishes the Young Franz about the existence of art; he asserts that that art is part of us and our lives whether we accept the fact or not. REFERENCE Rainer Maria Rilke. Letters to a young poet Letters to a young poet. Accessed from www.sfgoth.com/~immanis/rilke/letter1.html Letters to a young poet. Accessed from www.carrothers.com/rilke_main.htm Rilke’s writing. www.floozy.com/allison/rilke/r.index.html    How to cite Letters to a Young Poet, Essay examples

Marriage Is a Private Affair free essay sample

It is a story of love between nnaemeka and nene who initially fall victims to social tabbo os but ultimately overcome them. Nnaemeka belongs to the ibo tribe whereas nene from calabar. in the story th writer deals wih the concept of inter-cultural marriages which are of great importance in the modern times. the story is set in the colonial times,where prejudices and superstitions prevail in the society. For nene and nnaemeka marriage is purely a personal and private affair nd it should not be impacted by external forces. he elders with their traditional values and beliefs should nt interfere wid the marriage of young ones. they want to marry nut nnaemeka’s father okeke opposes the marriage on the ground that nen belongs to a different community. when nnaemeka tries to explain that nene ia an accomplishad girl nd a teacher,he strongly opposes the marriage. He even critics those preachers who speak in favour of girls taking up teaching profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage Is a Private Affair or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page all his mildness disappears when he learns that nene was frm calabar. keke is an ibo,and,therefore cannot agree to his son marrying in a different tribe. a marriage to nnaemeka nd nene is a private affair but to his father it isnot a private affair but an institution guarded by the community against whose wishes no one could dare to go. When nnaemekafails to persuade his father to give his consent to their marriage, he revolts against his father and marries nene. His father sends a letter in which he gives vent to his anger and snds back the wedding picture of his son wid wife in a mutilated form. e expresses his resolve that he has nothing to do with him or his wife or enen his life. they feel really disappointed but nnaemeke consoles his wife by saying that everything will be all right in due course oftime. he hinks that his father will realize one day dat marriage is purely a privateaffair. so the couple keeps patience and hopes that one day a change will come in the attitude of okeke. nnaemeka and nene r happily married and enjoy their married life as a privete affair. nitiallyone day nene writes to her father in law in which she expresses the desire of his grandsonsto see their grandfather. This melts okeke nd brings a great change in okeke’s attitude and he begins to realize dat marriage is purely a private affair. A marriage is purely a personal affair and its bliss must not be done away wid the interference of elders of the communities or tribes. here the obstinate ,unreasonable and narrow outlook of d father of boy stands in the way of the consummation of marriage between a boy and a girl who have decided to marry. Marriage Is a Private Affair free essay sample What are some similarities and differences between your generation’s attitude toward love and marriage and those of the generation before you? How would you compare the attitudes you have written down with the attitudes in the story? -differences between marriage today and in the past is that marriage really important back then, now marriage isn’t as highly prioritized to maintain. Similarities are that, marriage is still two people committing to each other. The attitudes in the story are hostile, sad and simple minded, while the attitudes I have written down are the same. Sharing Interpretations: What is the irony of the stories tittle? The tittle states marriage is a private affair, whereas in the story it seems everybody knows about Nene and Naemekas marriage. This story burst with conflict. What are at least two of these conflicts? Does the story resolve them? If so how? The father does not support the decision of who his son is marrying. We will write a custom essay sample on Marriage Is a Private Affair or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The wife is from a different background and tribe. The story resolves the conflicts; the father cannot turn against his two grandchildren. How would you describe okekes character? He is custom and only follows traditional ways. He doesn’t like the idea of his son marrying an outsider. What might the rain at the end of the story symbolize? All the anger against okekes son’s decision being washed away. What is this stories theme? Marriage Whose point of view of going home and marriage is private affair are the stories being told in? Third person. Extending the text: People have different views and beliefs and some of those go against other views and beliefs.

Othello - Character Analysis Essays - Othello,

Othello - Character Analysis In the play Othello, the character of Othello has certain traits which make him seem naive and unsophisticated compared to many other people. This is why Iago, to get his just rewards uses him as a scapegoat. Iago told Roderigo, " O,sir, content you. I follow him [Othello] to serve my turn upon him "(I, i lines 38-9). Iago is saying, he only follows Othello to a point, and upon reaching it he will not follow him any longer. Iago has opened my eyes to see the real meaning of deceit. No matter what, Iago will try to take advantage of Othello any time and he will be easily lead to believe the lies of Iago. The Moor, as many Venetians call him, is of strong character. He is very proud and in control of every move throughout the play. The control is not only of power but of the sense of his being who he is, a great warrior. In Act I, Othello has a scuffle with Brabantio, who has come to kill him, but before anything could happen Othello said, "Hold your hands, both of you of my inclining and the rest. Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it without a prompter" (I, ii, lines 80-3). The power shown here is quite astounding. The nature of Othello's character is of a dark man. A dark man, not only because he is black, but also because his whole person is very mysterious. He is mysterious in that he believes there is magic brewing everywhere. With this dark side he is also very outgoing, and not very bright. He isn't observant and the schemes of Iago work well on him. Though he doesn't reflect too much on his past, except occasional ventures of wars fought, he does let his emotions run his life. For all the dangers and encounters he has been involved in, this man is still naive of the corruptness of other individuals. Othello has a trusting nature in which he gives it all. He put all his trust in Iago during times of war and during Othello's marriage to Desdemona. This wasn't very bright of Othello, even if he wasn't trusting or more corrupt he still wouldn't realize Iago was lying. Everyone considered Iago as honest, and would be out of character for Othello to believe any different. For example, Othello had told the Duke, "So please your grace, my ancient; A man he is of honesty and trust. To his conveyance I assign my wife, With what else needful your good grace shall think, To be sent after me" (I, iii, lines 284-8). The control over any situation is one Othello's strong characteristics. Through the whole first act you can picture a man so much power and natural leadership and when he changes you cannot believe it. For example, when Lodovico had witnessed Othello hit Desdemona, he said: "Is this the noble Moor whom our full Senate Call all in all sufficient? Is this the nature Whom passion could not shake? whose solid virtue The shot of accident nor dart of chance could neither graze nor pierce" (IV, i, lines 264-8)? While Iago, being the honest man he is, answers: "He's that he is, I may not breathe my censure. What he might be (if, what he might, he is not) I would to heaven he were" (IV, i, lines 270-2). Another place where Shakespeare shows Othello taking control over a situation is when Cassio and Montano are fighting after Roderigo antagonized him. These words Othello said are important now, but they will be more important later when he is alone with Desdemona in their bedroom. He will say: "Now, by heaven, My blood begins my safer guides to rule, And passion, having my best judgement collied, Assays to lead the way. If I once stir Or do but lift this arm, the best of you Shall sink in my rebuke" (II, iii, lines 203-8). You must feel sorrow for Othello because with all the power he has and the endless trust he gives, you try to reach out and show him the truth. By having his ancient or friend, Honest Iago bring

Jems maturity Essays

Jems maturity Essays Jems maturity Paper Jems maturity Paper Jems maturity BY ollte1999 To kill a mockingbird. in To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem has significantly grown from a childish, playful boy that he was from the beginning of the novel, to a more calm, composed and mature figure resemblance to that of his father, Atticus. Harper Lee has incorporated the theme of Maturity into the novel through the development of Jem. Jem is shown in the beginning of the novel to be a boisterous child whose concept of bravery was through the acceptance of dares. Scout earlier on in the novel states Jem never declined a dare in his life. This depicts Jems immaturity through he has to do dares to seem brave to his peers furthermore his lack of knowledge about the current standings in which America are towards racial inequality or shown here and more so throughout the novel. Jem becomes more mature as the novel progresses. This is influenced by his father, Atticus Finchs, actions in the trial of Tom Robinson. A completely unfair Jury which ecides to convict Tom of raping a white woman, changes Jems view on life and how ridiculous it was that black people were discriminated against because of the colour of their skin. Another way of showing that he has matured is his actions towards Arthur (boo) Radley. Boo Radley is man who got into some mischief when he was a teenager and his father therefore sentenced him to a lifetime of imprisonment in his own home. Many rumors are spread about Arthur because no one has seen him for years. These rumors portray an image to Jem and Scout that he is a mysterious and eccentric who will kill you if you saw him. During the summer, Jem, Scout and Dill would dare each other to go and touch the Radley house or see who could get a glimpse of Arthur. However when they finally found out that he is a kind but simple human being Jem takes and step back to think about how all these rumors about Boo are wrong and how he has been discriminated against Just like the black people were.

Calometry Lab

Volume of water in the calorimeter:| 26. 0 mL| 26. 0 mL| 26. 0 mL| 26. 0 mL| Initial temperature of water in calorimeter:| 25. 3 Â °C| 25. 3 Â °C| 25. 3 Â °C| 25. 3 Â °C| Temperature of hot water and metal in hot water bath:| 100. 5 Â °C| 100. 5 Â °C| 100. 5 Â °C| 100. 5 Â °C| Final temperature reached in the calorimeter:| 31. 6 Â °C| 34. 8 Â °C| 33. 1 Â °C| Â  34. 5 Â °C| Part I: Part II: Metal:| Metal A| Metal B| Metal C| Mass of metal:| 15. 262 g| 25. 605 g| 20. 484 g| Volume of water in the calorimeter:| 24. mL| 24. 0 mL| 24. 0 mL| Initial temperature of water in calorimeter:| 25. 2 Â °C| 25. 3 Â °C| 25. 2 Â °C| Temperature of hot water and metal in hot water bath:| 100. 3 Â °C| 100. 3 Â °C| 100. 3 Â °C| Final temperature reached in the calorimeter:| 27. 5 Â °C| 32. 2 Â °C| 28. 0 Â °C| Part 12: Part I: 1. Calculate the energy change (q) of the surroundings (water) using the enthalpy equation qwater = m ? c ? ?T. We can assume that the specific heat capacity of water is 4. 18 J / (g ? Â °C) and the density of water is 1. 00 g/mL. qwater = m ? c ? ?T m = mass of water = density x volume = 1 x 26 = 26 grams T = T(mix) T(water) = 38. 9 25. 3 = 13. 6 q(water) = 26 x 13. 6 x 4. 18 q(water) = 1478 Joules SPECIFIC HEAT: qmetal = -205 J = 15. 363 g X c X (27. 2 100. 3 C) c = 0. 183 J/gC PART2. Using the formula qmetal = m ? c ? ?T, calculate the specific heat of the metal. Use the data from your experiment for the metal in your calculation. q(water) = q(metal) q(metal) = 1478 Joules q(metal) = m ? c ? ?T m = 27. 776 g ?T = T(mix) T(metal) ?T = 38. 9 100. 5 = 61. 6 C = q(metal) / m x ? T C = -1478 / (-61. 6 x 27. 776 ) C = 0. 864 J / (g ? Â °C) Part 3: 12: For #1 theres a specific heat of 0. 864 J / (g ? Â °C) and that is closest to the specific heat of aluminum. So, for this experiment, lets call your metal aluminum. Now, the percent error formula is this: |experimental actual value divided by actual value| x 100 (|0. 864 0. 900| / 0. 900) * 100 = 4. 00 % For #2, you got 0. 183 J/gC. Comparing it to my list, I would recommend some sort of tin or cobalt meltal. 3. 9(. 39-. 39)x100%)/. 39 = 0% So there is a 0% error. It makes sense, given that the experimental results were THE SAME as the known value. Its the same. There is no error. 4. The easiest error reason is that the calorimeter wasnt a perfect insulator. This is because you must have opened the calorimeter when you added the cold water. Thus, heat was lost not only to the cold water but to the surrounding environment. Also, you might not have waited long enough for the thermometer to read, so the temperature of the hot water was lower than it really was, or the temperature of the cold water was warmer than it really was. Another possible source of error is the increase in heat by stirring due to increased kinetic energy.

Management - Managing People For A Competitive Advantage Essay

Management - Managing People For A Competitive Advantage - Essay Example A common and visible example of unfair discrimination is a company asking for women applicants to be over 40 (so as to avoid the loss incurring out of leave of absence due to child birth). (B) Fair Discrimination Discrimination usually carries a negative connotation, kind of a stereotype for the word. However, the term does have a positive note, discriminations such as ‘teens below 16 should not be allowed to drive’ is a positive stereotype for the term as it is rationally correct. Fair discrimination is when the discrimination is (Featherman, Hall and Krislov 77-79) (Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration): (i) Mandatory by law (example: Children below 16 cannot drive) (ii) â€Å"Based on affirmative action† (Simon 3-7) (example: setting up quotas based on gender or race). The positive effects of affirmative action are quite controversial, Rai and Critzer (2000, p. 8-11) argue that government authorized or forceful discrimination (quotas) is also unfair discrimination as such an activity might allow a person with lower qualification get the ‘quota advantage’.

Frank Lyod Wright and Louis Sullivan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frank Lyod Wright and Louis Sullivan - Essay Example Louis Sullivan, one of the great architects of the last half of the 19th century, was a brilliant artist with both practical office experience and a year at the famed cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris before entering a partnership with Dankmar Adler in 1879. Credited with being the first to give an appropriate form to the steel skyscraper, he was a precursor of American modernism and managed to produce the only forward-looking design of the 1893 World's Colombian Exposition in Chicago.1 Unfortunately and unfairly, this designer of dozens of lauded buildings, who helped reshape the manner of building structure and aesthetics, is primarily known today for one thing-his role as Frank Lloyd Wright's Sullivan's famous motto of "form follows function" influenced Wright immensely and was a major reason why Wright considered Sullivan his only influence. That the relationship was mutual is demonstrated by the events of 1889. In that year Wright married Catherine Lee Clark Tobin, and Sullivan loaned him the enormous sum of $5,000 to buy property in Oak Park, Illinois and build a house.4 His willingness to help Wright illustrates the mutual respect between the employer and employee at this time. Although one of his early works, the Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio in Oak Park can be considered a workshop, used by the architect to begin developing some intriguing concepts. The initial construction phase of 1889 "exhibits features that portend the mature Wright's philosophy of architecture: the emphasis on pure geometric forms, the broad, sheltering roof, the use of natural materials and the unity of building and site".5 These features blurred the distinctions between inside and outside, and marked a growing integration of landscape and construction. In addition, the interior was focused around the fireplace and astonishingly open in design, with none of the Victorian hierarchy of divided spaces evident. Wright continued designing houses in Oak Park on the side, and this conflict of interest led to Sullivan firing him in 1893.6 Never one to stop working, Wright simply opened his own office and specialized in domestic architecture. By 1902 he designed his first Prairie house, a style defined by horizontal orientation, rows of small windows, low-pitched roofs featuring overhanging eaves and an open interior plan with a central fireplace.7 With its definitive wood and stucco exterior, it also works in conjunction with the suburban setting. Its cruciform plan is designed so that the movement from one wing to the next is diagonal, and these 45 degree angles are featured in other parts of the house.8 This epoch construction, completely distinct from Sullivan's verticality, would not have been possible had he not been fired. Decades of both personal and professional trouble followed, but Wright weathered the strenuous difficulties and re-emerged in the 1950's. His most famous project from this final stage is undoubtedly the Wright, Frank Lloyd, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum of 1956-1959. Completed after his death and considered Wright's "great swansong",9 it is an exercise in pushing concrete to the limits of plasticity. After entering the inverted swirl, visitors move to the top via elevators and proceed "downward at a leisurely pace on the gentle slope of a continuous ramp".10 This final monument vividly illustrates how far Wright progressed from the early stages of his career. However, the first Wright building to feature an internal spiral ramp was the V. C. Morris Gift Shop of 1949, designed concurrently to the Guggenheim project.11 Inside are display cases and shelves that follow

Survey and question design Essay Example for Free

Survey and question design Essay Initial design considerations Before you design your survey Clearly articulate the goals of your survey. Why are you running a survey? What, specifically, will you do with the survey results? How will the information help you improve your customers experience with your agency? Make sure that each question will give you the right kind of feedback to achieve your survey goals. When in doubt, contact a statistician or survey expert for help with survey and question design. Survey design The opening should introduce the survey, explain who is collecting the feedback and why. You should also include some reasons for participation, and share details about the confidentiality of the information you are collecting. The introduction should set expectations about survey length and estimate the time it will take someone to complete. Opening questions should be easy to answer, to increase participant trust and encourage them to continue answering questions. Ensure questions are relevant to participants, to reduce abandonment. To minimize confusion, questions should follow a logical flow, with similar questions grouped together. Keep your survey short and to the point fewer questions will deliver a higher response rate. If you have sensitive questions, or questions requesting personal information, include them towards the end of the survey, after trust has been built. Thank your participants after theyve completed the survey. Test your survey with a small group before launch. Have participants share what they are thinking as they fill out each question, and make improvements where necessary. Question design  Keep questions short and easy to read. The longer and more complex the questions, the less accurate feedback youll get. This is particularly true of phone surveys. Keep questions easy to answer, otherwise participants may abandon the survey, or provide incorrect information (e.g., giving the same  answer/value for all questions, simply to get through the survey). Keep required questions to a minimum. If a participant can’t or doesn’t want to answer a required question, they may abandon the survey. Use a consistent rating scale (e.g., if 5=high and 1=low, keep this consistent throughout all survey questions). For rating scales, make sure your scale is balanced (e.g., provide an equal number of positive and negative response options). Label each point in a response scale to ensure clarity and equal weight to each response option. For closed-ended questions, include all possible answers, and make sure there is no overlap between answer options. Use consistent word choices and definitions throughout the survey. Avoid technical jargon and use language familiar to participants. Be as precise as possible to avoid word choice confusion. Avoid words like â€Å"often† or â€Å"rarely†, which may mean different things to different people. Instead, use a precise phrase like â€Å"fewer than three times per week.† Try to construct the questions as objectively as possible. Common survey question types and examples Multiple choice questions Questions with two or more answer options. Useful for all types of feedback, including collecting demographic information. Answers can be yes/no or a choice of multiple answers. Beware of leaving out an answer option, or using answer options that are not mutually exclusive. Example 1: Are you a U.S. Citizen? Yes / No Example 2: How many times have you called our agency about this issue in the past month? Once Twice Three times More than three times Dont know/not sure Rank order scale questions Questions that require the ranking of potential answer choices by a specific characteristic. These questions can provide insight into how important something is to a customer. Best in online or paper surveys, but doesnt work too well in phone surveys. Rating scale questions Questions that use a rating scale for responses. This type of question is useful for determining the prevalence of an attitude, opinion, knowledge or behavior. There are two common types of scales: Likert scale Participants are typically asked whether they agree or disagree with a statement. Responses often range from â€Å"strongly disagree† to â€Å"strongly agree,† with five total answer options. (For additional answer options, see table below.) Each option is ascribed a score or weight (1 = strong disagree to 5 = strongly agree), and these scores can be used in survey response analysis. For scaled questions, it is important to include a â€Å"neutral† category (â€Å"Neither Agree nor Disagree† below). Guidelines for using a 5-point scale Semantic differential scale In a question using a semantic differential scale, the ends of the scale are labeled with contrasting statements. The scales can vary, typically using either five or seven points. Open-ended questions Questions where there are no specified answer choices. These are particularly helpful for collecting feedback from your participants about their attitudes or opinions. However, these questions may require extra time or can be challenging to answer, so participants may skip the questions or abandon the survey. In addition, the analysis of open-ended questions can be difficult to automate, and may require extra time or resources to review. Consider providing extra motivation to elicit a response (e.g., â€Å"Your comments will help us improve our website†) and ensure there is enough space for a complete response. Example: What are two ways we could have improved your experience with our agency today? We take your feedback very seriously and review comments daily. Avoid these common question design pitfalls Asking two questions at once (double-barreled questions) Example: How satisfied are you with the hours and location of our offices? [ 1=very dissatisfied, 5=very satisfied] You wont be able to tell whether the participant is responding about the time, or the location, so you should ask this as two separate questions. Leaving out a response choice Example: How many times in the past month have you visited our website? [ 0 1-2 3-4 5 or more] Always include an option for not applicable or don’t know, since some people will not know or remember, and if they guess, their answer will skew the results. Leading questions Based on their structure, certain questions can â€Å"lead† participants to a specific response: Example: This agency was recently ranked as number one in customer satisfaction in the federal government. How satisfied are you with your experience today? [ 1=very dissatisfied, 5=very satisfied] The first statement influences the response to the question by providing additional information that leads respondents to a positive response, so you should leave that text out. Built-in assumptions Questions that assume familiarity with a given topic: Example: This website is an improvement over our last website. [ 1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree] This question assumes that the survey participant has experience with the earlier version of the website. Tips for technology-based surveys Skip logic or conditional branching When creating technology-based surveys, skip logic can be helpful. Skip logic enables you to guide participants to a specific follow-up question, based on a response to an earlier question. This technique can be used to minimize non-relevant questions for each participant, and for filtering out survey participants. For example, if you are looking for U.S. citizens only to fill out certain parts of your survey, anyone who answers â€Å"no† to the question â€Å"Are you a U. S. citizen?† can be skipped to the next relevant section.

The World Wide Phase Out of Leaded Gasoline :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The World Wide Phase Out of Leaded Gasoline Leaded gasoline has been proven to be one of the most efficient methods for releasing lead into the environment. Consequently, the existence of leaded gasoline contributes to lead poisoning and overall poor health. Given these facts, many countries have phased lead out of gasoline, and the worldwide phase-out of leaded gasoline has been recommended (www.globalleadnet.org/pdf/BPWorldwideenvhealthpriority.02.pdf). The phase-out of leaded gasoline has been proven to be practical and cost efficient in the countries that have proceeded with the phase-out process. Some of these countries have been less-developed nations, but a great portion of them have been nations that are developed and industrial (www.globalleadnet.org/pdf/BPWorldwideenvhealthpriority.02.pdf). The cost efficiency of the phase-out process was the issue on which most of the class discussion focused. A great deal of the cost benefit of the phase out of leaded gasoline is seen in reduced health care costs in the nations that phase out leaded gasoline (www.globalleadnet.org). These health costs may or may not be seen in less developed nations that phase-out leaded gasoline. The health costs are seen in developed nations primarily because individuals in industrialized countries seek health care attention when ill. This may not be the case in less developed nations, where health care is not as centralized or well developed, and individuals may not be as well educated about seeking health care attention. If this is the case, and few people report illnesses in these countries, then the phase-out of leaded gasoline would not prove to be as cost effective in these nations, and may not be a good thing for the nation. Nations that are less developed also have less money, and less money to spend on issues such as phasing out leaded gasoline. Instead, poorer, undeveloped countries must worry about more pressing issues, such as national defense, food, infrastructure, etc. The debate in class focused for quite some time on the question: Is it acceptable to ask governments in developing, struggling nations to focus money into this type of program that may do less good for the people than some other program? Or, is the phase-out of leaded gasoline a pressing issue for poor and undeveloped nations? On the same issue, is the phase-out of leaded gasoline a pressing issue when a great deal of money and time is being spent on developing technologies that would render gasoline in general obsolete? It can be argued, and was in class, that countries that are still developing would be better off saving money and effort until the world steps away from fossil fuels to the new technologies.

How to Tell Renata Essay

Relationship Development: â€Å"Renata is my mother-though I’ve never called her anything but Renata for as long as I can remember- and this is the way she’s always dealt with things. By ignoring them. Maybe it’s because she’s been on her own, except for me, pretty much all of her life and there was never anyone else for her to talk to†¦Renata’s OK as far as small things go, but keeps quiet on anything large and frightening. This is how I see it-she must think if the scary stuff is pushed to some far, webby corner of her cranium, shrouded and silent, then perhaps it doesn’t really exist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jacinda and Renata carry on a peculiar relationship between them. They had a stronger relationship between the two dramatic changes in her life. One was Jacinda’s father and Renata’s husband leaving and the second was Renata’s boyfriend Jerry. Now their relationship towards each other is very shaky. â€Å"Renata is my mother-though I’ve never called her anything but Renata for as long as I can remember.† This quote shows the formality between Renata and Jacinda and how they were never really close. Renata is afraid of reality and she is not afraid to let Jacinda know that. She thinks that if she doesn’t deal with the problems and ignore them they will just go away. â€Å"She must think if the scary stuff is pushed to some far, webby corner of her cranium, shrouded and silent, then perhaps it doesn’t really exist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From this quote I have come to the conclusion that Renata is hesitant on confronting her fears and that she takes Jacinda’s relationship with her for granted.

Gilgamesh

The epic of Gilgamesh is about the ruler of uruk Gilgamesh and his quest to receive everlasting life. Gilgamesh wanted to receive everlasting life because he saw his best friend enkidu die of a slow agonizing death witch lead Gilgamesh to put his own mortality to question.. Enkidu died this death as punishment for the thing he and Gilgamesh did like kill the bull of heaven and chop down all the trees in the cedar forest after killing the demon humbaba. So Gilgamesh goes to the end of the earth to find utnapishtims to grant him everlasting life. Utnapishtims tells him he can have everlasting life if he can stay awake for 7 days Gilgamesh fails immediately and ends up going back to uruk but before he goes back utnapishtims tells Gilgamesh about a flower that restores youth , so Gilgamesh gets the flower but it gets stolen so he leaves with nothing but knowledge witch he shares with his people. The main character is Gilgamesh he is a hero, fiercest of warriors he is two thirds god one third human and has super natural abilities.. fter seeing his friend enkidu die he goes off on a quest to get him out of the house of dust and gain everlasting life. Gilgamesh had to prove himself many times in the story by defeating challenges that faced him , killing the bull of heaven, when utnapishtim told him to sleep for seven days, getting the flower that restores youth and fighting offa pack of lions that the gods sent after him. The was an abundant presence of mythical beings the sun god, enlil the god of earth ,wind and air, and anu the god of the sky. His journey takes him to supernatural places such as the underworld the twin peaked mountain called mashu and on a boat journey through the waters of death. The story reaches a low point when Gilgamesh’s’ friend enkidu dies also when he failed utnapishtims challenge to stay awake for a week. The resurrection of the story was when Gilgamesh was told about the flower that restores everlasting life. He returns to uruk after the flower was stolen by a snake with much wisdom that he shares with his people. Gilgamesh’s characteristics define him as a quest hero. He is two thirds god and one third mortal and he is the strongest of men, he is ruler of uruk , the greatest of warriors and ambitious builder Gilgamesh surrounded his city with magnificent walls and glorious ziggurats, he was physically beautiful, immensely strong, and very wise. Gilgamesh’s flaws and virtues are very oversized. He goes on an epic quest after his best friend dies. He visits places that are supernatural and cannot be visited by humans. he was faced with many challenges that he over came to complete his quest. Sumer was one of the earliest civilizations of the near ancient east, located in the southern part of Mesopotamia. The term sumerian refers to the people who speak the Sumerian language. Sumer ancient Egypt and indusvalley civilization were considered the first settled society in the world to have all the features needed to have a civilization. The history of Sumeria dates back to the beginning of writing and law which the Sumerians were accredited for inventing. And was essential for maintaining order within city-states. For centuries city states used Sumerian law, which established penalties for certain offenses. This represents recognition that society can’t function without respect for life, property and shared values. The Sumerians were non Semitic people and were at one time believed to have been invader, as a number of linguists believed they could possibly detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian. However, archeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early unbaid period settlements in southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian peoples farm land was mad fertile by slit deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. By the late fourth millennium B. C. E. , sumer was divided into about a dozen independent city states, whose limits were defined by canals and boundary stones. Each was centered on a temple dedicated to the particular patron deity of the city and ruled over by a priest and or king, who was tied to the city’s religious rites. The principle Sumerian sites were the cities of mari, agade, kish, borsippa, nippur , isin, adab, shuruppak, girsu lagash, ur and eridu . he minor cities wear sippar , kutha, dilbat, marad, kisurra , zabala, umma , kisiga, awan, hamazi, eshnunna akshak, and zimbir. The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistorical ubad and uruk periods. The historical record opens with early dynastic period from ca. the twenty ninth century B. C. E. , but remains scarce until the lagash period begins in the twenty sixith century. Classical sumer ends with akkadian empire in the twenty fourth century. Followed by the gutian period, there is a short â€Å"Sumerian renaissance† in the twenty second, cut short in ca. 000 B. C. E. by Amorite invasions. The Amorite â€Å"dynasty of isin† persists until ca. 1730 B. C. E. when Mesopotamia is united under Babylonian rule. Recapping my essay Gilgamesh is an epic about the ruler of uruk who went on a quest to find everlasting life but in the end Gilgamesh did not find everlasting life. His characteristics match that of an epic hero and the sumer civilization was one of the first civilizations to have all the essentials to be a civilization and the Sumerians were credited for inventing writing and law and wear a great civilization.

Biography of Frank Sinatra, Legendary Singer

Biography of Frank Sinatra, Legendary Singer Frank Sinatra (December 12, 1915–May 14, 1998), known for his smooth, heartfelt voice during the â€Å"crooner-swooner† era, started performing in 1935 as the singer of a four-piece band in Hoboken, New Jersey. Between 1940 and 1943 he recorded 23 top-10 singles and reached the top position of the male-singer polls in Billboard and Downbeat  magazines. Sinatra went on to become a successful movie star, winning the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for  From Here to Eternity  (1953). He was popular as a man’s man- he dressed in elegant suits but was known for his legendary temper and stubbornness- while singing romantic songs that made women swoon. Fast Facts: Frank Sinatra Known For: A smooth-voiced crooner who sold millions of records, won nearly a dozen Grammys, and appeared in numerous filmsAlso Known As: Francis Albert Sinatra, The Voice, Ol’ Blue Eyes, Chairman of the Board, Ol Blue EyesBorn: December 12, 1915 in Hoboken, New JerseyParents: Antonino Martino Sinatra, Natalina GaraventaDied: May 14, 1998 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaAlbums: The Voice of Frank Sinatra  (1946), Thats Life  (1966), Strangers in the Night (1966), My Way (1969)Films: From Here to Eternity, Pal Joey, Guys and Dolls, On the Town, Oceans Eleven, The Manchurian Candidate, Rosemarys BabyAwards and Honors: Presidential Medal of Freedom  (1985), Grammy Legend Award, the  Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, Academy Award, Best Supporting Actor (1953)Spouse(s): Nancy Barbato (m.  1939–1951), Ava Gardner (m.  1951–1957), Mia Farrow (m.  1966–1968), Barbara Marx (m.  1976–1998)Children: Nancy, Frank Jr., Tina SinatraNotable Quote: The biggest lesson in life, baby, is never be scared of anyone or anything. Early Years Born in Hoboken, New Jersey on December 12, 1915, Francis Albert Sinatra was of Italian-Sicilian descent. Being a 13.5-pound baby, the doctor forcefully brought him into the world by forceps, causing major damage to one of his eardrums- which would later make him exempt from entering the army during World War II. Thinking the baby was dead, the doctor set him aside. Sinatra’s grandmother scooped him up and held him under cold running tap water at the sink. The baby gasped, cried, and lived. Frank Sinatra’s father Anthony Martin Sinatra was a Hoboken fireman, while his mother Natalie Della â€Å"Dolly† Sinatra (neà © Gavarante) was a midwife/abortionist and political activist for women’s rights. While Sinatra’s father was quiet, Dolly overwhelmed her son with love as well as her quick temper. She sang in the Italian bel canto style at family gatherings while her son sang along. Sinatra also sang tunes he heard on the radio; his idol was crooner Bing Crosby. During high school, Sinatra took his first girlfriend, Nancy Barbato, to see Bing Crosby perform live in New Jersey, an event that greatly inspired him. Nancy believed in her boyfriend’s dream to sing. While Sinatras parents wanted their only child to graduate from high school and go to college to become an engineer, their son dropped out of high school and tried his luck as a singer. To his parents’ dismay, Sinatra worked various jobs (including plastering walls for Nancy’s father) during the day and sang at Democratic Party meetings of the Hoboken Sicilian-Cultural League, local nightclubs, and roadhouses at night. Radio Contest Winner In 1935, the 19-year-old Sinatra joined with three other local musicians, known as The Three Flashes, and auditioned to appear on Major Edward Bowes’ popular radio program, The Amateur Hour. The four musicians, now called The Hoboken Four, were accepted and appeared on the show on September 8, 1935, singing Mills Brothers’ song â€Å"Shine.† Their performance was so popular that 40,000 people called in their approval. With such a high approval rating, Major Bowes added the Hoboken Four to one of his amateur groups that toured the nation giving live shows. Performing at local theaters and for national radio audiences in late 1935, Sinatra upset the other band members by receiving the most attention. Homesick and rejected by the other band members, Sinatra left the band by spring 1936, returning home to live with his parents. Back home in New Jersey, Sinatra sang at Irish political rallies, Elks Club meetings, and Italian weddings in Hoboken. Desperate to break out of small-time gigs, Sinatra took the ferry into Manhattan and persuaded WNEW radio management to give him a try. They worked him into 18 spots per week. Sinatra hired a New York voice coach named John Quinlan for diction and voice lessons to help him lose his Jersey accent. In 1938, Sinatra became a singing waiter and master of ceremonies at the Rustic Cabin, a roadhouse near Alpine, New Jersey, for $15 per week. Every night the show was broadcast on the WNEW Dance Parade radio show. Women were becoming attracted to Sinatra for his way of communicating vulnerability on stage, not to mention his blue eyes that would focus on one girl then another. After Sinatra was arrested on a morals charge (a woman accused him of breach of promise) and the case was dismissed in court, Dolly told her son to marry Nancy, whom she thought would be good for him. Sinatra married Nancy on February 4, 1939. While Nancy worked as a secretary, Sinatra continued to sing at the Rustic Cabin and also on WNEWs five-day-weekly radio show Blue Moon. Cuts a Record In June 1939, Harry James of the Harry James Orchestra heard Sinatra singing on the radio and went to listen to him at the Rustic Cabin. Sinatra signed a two-year contract with James at $75 per week. The band played at the Roseland Ballroom in Manhattan and toured the East. In July 1939, Sinatra recorded â€Å"From the Bottom of My Heart,† which didn’t hit the charts, but the following month he recorded â€Å"All or Nothing at All,† which became a major hit. The Tommy Dorsey Orchestra was soon upstaging the Harry James Orchestra and Sinatra learned that Tommy Dorsey wanted to sign him. At the beginning of 1940, per Sinatra’s request to leave, Harry James graciously tore up Sinatra’s contract. At the age of 24, Sinatra was singing with the top big band in the nation. In June 1940, Sinatra was singing in Hollywood when his first child, Nancy Sinatra, was born in New Jersey. By the end of the year he had recorded 40 more singles, was touring the nation, singing on radio shows, and had appeared in Las Vegas Nights (1941), a feature-length movie featuring the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra in which Sinatra sang, â€Å"I’ll Never Smile Again† (another major hit). In May 1941, Billboard named Sinatra top male vocalist of the year. Goes Solo In 1942, Sinatra requested to leave the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra to pursue a solo career; however, Dorsey was not as forgiving as Harry James had been. The contract stipulated that Dorsey would be given one-third of Sinatra’s earnings as long as Sinatra was in the entertainment industry. Sinatra hired lawyers who represented the American Federation of Radio Artists to get him out of the contract. The lawyers threatened Dorsey with the cancellation of his NBC broadcasts. Dorsey was persuaded to take $75,000 to let Sinatra go. Embarking on his solo career, Sinatra was welcomed by the screams of 5,000 swooning â€Å"bobby-soxers† (the term for teenage girls of that era) at New York City’s Paramount Theater on December 30, 1942 (shattering Bing Crosby’s attendance record).  Billed as â€Å"The Voice That Has Thrilled Millions,† his original two-week engagement was extended for eight additional weeks. Nicknamed â€Å"The Voice† by his new PR agent George B. Evans, Sinatra signed with Columbia Records in 1943. Signs Contract for Film Career In 1944, Sinatra started his film career with RKO studios. Wife Nancy gave birth to son Frank Jr. and the family moved to the West Coast. Sinatra appeared in Higher and Higher (1943) and Step Lively (1944). Louis B. Mayer bought his contract and Sinatra moved to MGM. The following year, Sinatra co-starred in Anchors Aweigh (1945) with Gene Kelly. He also starred in a short film on racial and religious tolerance titled, The House I Live In (1945), which won him an Honorary Academy Award in 1946. Also in 1946, Sinatra released his first studio album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, and embarked on a cross-country tour. But in 1948, Sinatra’s popularity slumped due to rumors of an affair with Marilyn Maxwell, womanizing, a violent temper, and an association with the mob (which would always haunt him despite his denials). That same year, Sinatra’s daughter Christina was born. Career Slump and Rebound On February 14, 1950, Nancy Sinatra announced they were splitting due to her husband’s affair with actress Ava Gardner, resulting in more bad publicity. On April 26, 1950, Sinatra hemorrhaged his vocal cords on stage at the Copacabana. After his voice healed, Sinatra sang at the London Palladium accompanied by Gardner, whom he married in 1951. Things continued to go downhill for Sinatra when he was let go from MGM (due to adverse publicity), received some bad reviews on his latest records, and had his TV show canceled. It seemed to many that Sinatra’s popularity had waned and that he was a â€Å"has-been.† Down and out, Sinatra kept busy by hosting a couple of weekly radio shows and becoming a performer at the Desert Inn in the small desert town of Las Vegas. Sinatra’s marriage to Gardner was a passionate but stormy one and didn’t last long. With Sinatra’s career in a tailspin and Gardner’s career on the rise, the Sinatra-Gardner marriage ended when they separated in 1953 (the final divorce occurred in 1957). However, the two remained lifelong friends. Luckily for Sinatra, Gardner was able to help get him an audition for a major role in From Here to Eternity (1953), for which Sinatra not only got the part but also received the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor. The Oscar was a major career comeback for Sinatra. After a five-year career slump, Sinatra suddenly found himself in demand again. He signed a contract with Capitol Records and recorded â€Å"Fly Me to the Moon,† a major hit. He accepted a multi-million-dollar TV contract from NBC. In 1957, Sinatra signed with Paramount Studios and starred in Joker Is Wild (1957) to critical acclaim. A year later, Sinatra’s Come Fly With Me album reached No. 1 on the Billboard album chart and remained there for five weeks. The Rat Pack Once again popular, Sinatra didn’t turn his back on Las Vegas, which had welcomed him with open arms when everyone else had dejected him. By continuing to perform in Las Vegas, Sinatra brought in legions of tourists who came to see him and his movie-star friends (especially the Rat Pack) who would often come visit him on stage. The main members of the Rat Pack of the 1960s consisted of Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Joey Bishop, and Peter Lawford. The Rat Pack appeared (sometimes randomly together) on stage at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas; their sole purpose was to sing, dance, and roast each other on stage, creating excitement for tourists. Sinatra was nicknamed â€Å"Chairman of the Board† by his buddies. The Rat Pack starred in Ocean’s Eleven (1960), which was popular with the public. Sinatra starred in The Manchurian Candidate (1962), perhaps his best movie. It was withheld from complete distribution due to President John F. Kennedys assassination. In 1966, Sinatra recorded Strangers in the Night. The album was No. 1 for 73 weeks, with the title song receiving four Grammys. That same year, Sinatra married a 21-year-old soap-opera actress named Mia Farrow; however, the marriage ended after 16 months. Sinatra had apparently asked his wife to co-star with him in a movie called The Detective, but when filming overlapped for another movie she was starring in (and remained committed to), Rosemary’s Baby, Sinatra had her served with divorce papers. In 1969, Sinatra recorded â€Å"My Way,† which became his signature song. Retirement In 1971, Sinatra announced his (short-lived) retirement. By 1973 he was back in the studio recording his Ol’ Blue Eyes Is Back album. The following year, he returned to Las Vegas and performed at Caesar’s Palace. In 1976 he married Barbara Marx, his neighbor in Palm Springs who had been a Las Vegas showgirl married to Zeppo Marx; they remained married for the rest of Sinatra’s life. She toured with him worldwide and together they raised hundreds of millions of dollars for charities. Death In 1994, Sinatra performed his final public concert and was awarded the Legend Award at the 1994 Grammys. He made no further public appearances after suffering a heart attack in January 1997. On May 14, 1998, Sinatra died at the age of 82 in Los Angeles. Legacy Sinatra sold over 250 million records worldwide, received 11 Grammy Awards, and starred in 60 motion pictures during his career of seven decades. His influence on the music business remains undiminished, as his records continue to sell. Many of the films in which he appeared are considered classics, and a number have been remade. The Rat Pack and his songs such as My Way are still fused into the cultural fabric of the U.S. He lived a full life, about which countless books have been written. Mention his name today and he is still remembered as Ol Blue Eyes, a soulful crooner who certainly lived his life his way. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. â€Å"Frank Sinatra.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Jan. 2019.Moore, Jeffrey I. â€Å"Frank Sinatra Quotes About Life, Love and New York.†Ã‚  Everyday Power Blog, Everyday Power Blog, 31 Jan. 2019.Staff, Legacy. â€Å"Frank Sinatra Did It His Way.†Ã‚  Legacy.com, Legacy.com, 7 June 2018.

Edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Edit - Essay Example In order to reduce the cost factor, the company has to organize some of the training programs internally, in stead of outsourcing all the training courses. Of course the organization will need additional massive increase of the funding as a result of the need to provide incentives, promotions, bonuses and special allowances. The improvement of service speed demands has training of worker as the initial step of implementation. The services rendered by all waiters expose the fact that employees do not value customer service. This is because new processes and systems create unbearable pressure the workers. Training enables the workers to release the pressure in an ethical manner by working professionally. The implementation of the proposed solution ought to begins immediately. The determining factor is to ensure that there is enough work force and finances. It begins with employee training which is expected to take a maximum of two weeks. The training is to be conducted using a number of subject modules such as: The next step is to allow the workers to apply the knowledge and experience in their practical work. Their services after training ought to demonstrate change of work culture and ethics, characterized by increased speed of work and reduction in customer complains. The third step is to monitor the financial implications of the results and award performances. There is need to ensure that there is enough workforce to serve the number of customers without straining. As the number of customers increase, the organization can increase the number of workers gradually to meet the demand. The strategic management ought to implement the program immediately to realize the strategic objectives. This is because time is one of the limited resources and ought to be utilized wisely. The chosen solution will satisfy the organization by educating the workers about the core objective, one of which is to offer quality customer service. In

Indians and Indian Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Indians and Indian Policy - Essay Example Vince Deloria in his narrative highlights the issues of leadership and preservation of the Indian culture. Vince Deloria was a well known professor, leader and advocate for the Indian rights and cultural recognition. Deloria was a Standing Rock Sioux and he experienced firsthand the effect of government policies on the lives of native Indians. He wrote his narrative during his period as a professor and advocate of the native Indian rights. In the period between 1970 and 80, the Indian population experienced tremendous population growth that was not understood. Immediately after the Second World War, the Indian people were given opportunities to be economically empowered through the Indian Re-organization Act. However, this did not endear other races and people to identify with the Indian race since other people enjoyed better services and economic benefits. During this period Indians felt no sense of personal worth in propagating their culture or sense of identity (Calloway 567). Del oria however explains that this trend started to change in the 1980’s when people wanted to be recognized as Indians whether it was to gain educational or economical benefits. But this was the reason that endeared other races to becoming whites but it was the religious practice of the native Indians that made many white people to associate with the Indian culture. ... However, Deloria delivers the message that native Indians can only solve their problems through use of the culture since they understand their problems better than other people. Native Indians have suffered the problem of genuine leadership which contributed to Indian discrimination. As a result, it is a high time for Indians to recall their culture and chase away imposters who do not understand Indian culture or problems as advocated by Deloria (Calloway, p.571). On the other hand, Wilma Mankiller was the first woman Cherokee chief narrates her experiences as the chief of a native Indian tribe. In her story she highlights the challenges that the Cherokee people faced in living their lives normally in a country they were considered as minority ethnic group. Her early life prepared her for the role she was to engage in as a political leader among the Cherokee people. The lacklustre governmental policies gave her motivation to campaign and fight for the recognition of native Indian rig hts. Wilma wrote her stories so that she could share with future native Indians her story especially to the Indian women. Wilma wrote her narrative during a period when native Indians were enjoying recognition from other people especially the majority white population in the US (Calloway 573). It was during this period that Indian tribes were given the opportunity to choose their own leaders who could manage their own affairs. The change in government policy and the new policy changes that recognized Indians gave an opportunity for Indian tribes to govern their own affairs. Moreover, Indians were now educated and were better placed to manage their own affairs as elucidated by Wilma. The narrative told by Wilma is in fact true based on the real events that occurred

What Are the Results of the Effort of the Civil Rights Movement Essay

What Are the Results of the Effort of the Civil Rights Movement - Essay Example The Southern Christian Leadership Conference started when the Montgomery Bus Boycott that began after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat on a bus to a white man. This incident lasted for more than a year and was pacified and ended by two prominent ministers during that time who were Ralph Abernathy and Martin Luther King Jr. The black leaders led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference from the Southern Part of the United States. The Southern Leaders Leadership Conference fought for their rights and their philosophy to uphold the rights of the African Americans not with the use of force and strength but with the use of propaganda and other forms that ensures nonviolence. Since they initially started in protecting the rights of the Black people in America, they, later on, emerged to also be involved in protecting human rights on a global scope. These people such as Luther and Aberthany along with their followers have this sense of devotion to their country the territory of their state should be equivalent to the boundaries of the nation as well as with the fact that they are proud of their color and they are confident that they have the right to live together with the other Americans. The nationalist ideology has led people to divide people in terms of â€Å"us† and â€Å"we†. The individual has no choice which group he wants to support for there are instances that ethnicity or race becomes the basis for this division. As we all know, a race is a factor we have no control of. Nationalism has this characteristic of universality wherein it establishes the claims as to how the world should be logical or arranged.

Forever Free

Forever Free Exhibit Essay Forever Free, an exhibit held at the Reagan Library in Simi Valley, California and inspired by Mr. Abraham Lincoln’s promotion and assertion of Emancipation Proclamation, is much related to the written account of Frederick Douglass’ â€Å"narrative of his life as an American black slave† with special regards and attention to its both focus and objectives. Body At the Forever Free exhibit, the implicit objective was to stimulate ambiance of America’s bludgeoning, sadistic, and historical past. For the visitors to commemorate the beginning of the â€Å"anti-black slavery,† Mr. Abraham Lincoln distinguished and proclaimed the pressing need for the aforementioned act, Emancipation Proclamation to denounce and suppress the proliferating Black slavery. Moreover, the exhibit included several sentimental stuffs like: letters made and signed by Mr. Abraham, and the contents of his proclaimed act, the handkerchief signed and belonging to Lincoln’s wife, Ms. Mary Lincoln, and some photographs taken depicting the long time slavery in America. Inspired by Lincoln’s provision of welfare among the Blacks, the theme of the exhibit was carried out successfully (Giller, 2008). On the other hand, the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave,† tackled the same insatiable thirst for freedom against the injustice, discrimination, and evil acts suffered by the Black Americans (Douglass, 1997). Conclusion The Forever Free exhibit rendering commemoration to Abraham Lincoln’s pursuit for the liberation of the slaves (Giller, 2008), together with the striking and overwhelming account of Frederick Douglass’ personal traumatic experience of the unjust slavery, both presents the truth of the need for liberation, love, and respect for all human race as everyone is a son of one Divine (Douglass, 1997). References Douglass, F. (1997). Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from, http://sunsite. berkeley. edu/Literature/Douglass/Autobiography/01. html Giller, M. (2008). Forever free-Abraham Lincoln and the emancipation proclamation. Retrieved October 31, 2008, from http://www. reaganlibrary. com/pressrelease. asp? press_id=135

Strategic Development History Of Apple

Strategic Development History Of Apple This report will explore the strategic development history of Apple Inc. (previously Apple Computer, Inc.), its current strategies and form the basis of Apples future strategy in the form of strategic recommendations which Apple Inc. can persuade to get sustainable competitive advantage and higher growths in the future. The success of a strategy is determined by the companys initiative actions, how well it anticipates competitors responses to them and how well companys anticipates and reacts to its competitors actions. In strategic development we will analyse how Apple establish a framework for setting its direction and determined the criteria to take strategic decisions. After having analysed it, the report will depict its current strategic situation by doing macro and micro analysis and on the basis of it, the possible future recommendations will be suggested. Introduction: Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, personal computers and computer software. It is best known for its products like iPhone, ipod and Macintosh computers. The company was established in April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California and incorporated in January 3, 1977. As of September 26, 2009, Apple had 34,300 full time employees and 2,500 temporary full time employees worldwide1. It had worldwide sales of $42.91 billion in its fiscal year ending September 26, 20092. It has more than 284 retail stores3 as of January, 2010 and online store where software and hardware products are sold. The financial Data of Apple Inc. for 2009 are as: Financial Data of Apple Inc. for 20094 Financial Fiscal as Ended on 26-09- 2009 Total Revenue 42,905m Gross Profit 17,222m Total Cash Flow 2,997m Net Income 8,235m Total Asset Value 47,501m 1 www.apple.com 2 Revised Request Quarterly Income Statement Apple Inc. January 25,2010. 3 Apple Tablet Media Event Today. Come See Our Latest Creation MacRumors. January 27, 2010 accessed on [17 July 2010] 4 http://www.google.com/finance?fstype=iiq=nasdaq:aapl Strategic Development Overview: Apple Inc. has managed to create substantial value in the highly competitive consumer electronic and computer industry by innovating and forging a path considerably different from those of the largest competitors in the industry, successfully differentiating its products from those of the competition by choosing to focus on quality, superior customer service and design elegance while outsourcing actual manufacturing to most trusted original equipment manufacturers. Even though despite of this fact Apple has created for itself, the stiff competition within the industry and other external factors present formidable challenges to the firm. The Early Years 1976- 1980 Apple I was the first computer introduced by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronal Wayne. It was sold as the motherboard with Central processing unit (CPU), RAM and the basic textual video chips. By the end of 1970s Apple had a staff of computer programmers and designers and a production line. After Apple II they introduced Apple III in May, 1980. The main competitors for Apple were IBM and Microsoft competing for market share. In 1984 Apple launched Macintosh which was initially sold well but the follow up sales were not strong. The computer industry destiny changed when the Laser writer were introduced. The Mac was powerful in the market due to its advanced graphics capabilities which was already necessarily built in to create the intuitive Macintosh GUI. At that time it has been suggested the combination of these three products was caused for the creation of desktop publishing market. As the desktop publishing became widespread, the sale of Apple has reached new heights and the comp any has offered its first public offerings in September 7, 1984. The reason for the Apple sustainable growth due to its leadership in the education sector, attributed to adaptation of LOGO programming language used in many schools with the Apple II. 1986- 1993 A Move in Strategy After the failure of Bulky Macintosh, Apple changed its strategy and offered Macintosh Portable in 1989. In 1991 Apple introduced PowerBook which made the basis of the modern form of ergonomic layout of laptop computer. In the same year Apple came up with its new operating system System 7 which added colour to interface and enhanced the networking capabilities. It was remained the architectural basis for Mac OS up to 2001. The success of PowerBook brought huge revenues for Apple and it seemed that nothing go wrong with Apple at that time. MacAddict a famous magazine named the period between 1989 and 1991 as the first golden age of the Macintosh. The Apples strategy to attach the market with other products like digital cameras, portable CD audio players, speakers and video consoles did not work well for Apple. The main focus of Microsoft was to gain market share with Windows, focusing on delivering software with cheap commodity where as Apple was even though was rich in engineering matter but was bit expensive. 1994 -1997 Reinvention Apple put its step in the PDA market by introducing Apple Newton which was one the first in the industry. Apple has started working on other platforms by the early 1990s such as A/U. It was needed at that time to replace the platform for Macintosh or reworked to design a powerful hardware to run the Macintosh. 1n 1994, Apple allied with Motorola and IBM. The aim was to create a new computing platform Power PC Reference Platform which would use IBM and Motorola hardware coupled with Apples software. The AIM alliance worked for Apple and Apples software left the PC far behind. Apple introduced Power Macintosh the first time of many Apple computers to use IBMs PowerPC processor. Apple adopted a new built -to- order strategy in November 10, 1997 by introducing Apple store which was tied to its overall strategy. 1998- 2005 A New Start Apple introduced iMac a new all in one computer reminiscent in August 15, 1998  [5]  . The iMac was equipped with new technology and groundbreaking design. Near about 800,000 units sold in first five months and returned Apple to profitability for the first time since 1993. In this period Apple purchased several companies to create a portfolio of professional and consumer- oriented digital production software. In 1998, Apple announced the purchase of Macromedias Final cut software giving a new signal of entering into the digital video editing market. The following year Apple had released two video editing products, one is iMovie and the other one is Final Cut Pro for the professionals. Around 800,000 users had been registered with this software by the start of 2007. Apple has opened its first official store in May 19, 2001 in Virginia and California. In the same year Apple has introduced its first iPod portable digital audio player. This product has given a new success to Apple as more than 100 million units were sold within six years. Apple has a strategy of bounding the customer to its products and doing a business a different way. Apple has given a new theme to music industry business by introducing Apples iTunes Store whereby you can download music for US$0.99 song integration with iPod. Apple has become the market leader in the online music services due to it with over 5 billion download by June 19th, 2008. 2005 -2010 New Era Apple has taken another move in its strategy of dominating the market by announcing on June 6, 2005 in the Worldwide Developers Conference that Apple would start producing Intel- based computers in 2006  [6]  . MacBook Pro and iMac became the first Apple computers to utilize Intels Core Duo CPU. By 7th of August 2007 Apple had transitioned the entire Mac product line to Intel chips. The day Apple announced its iPhone and Apple TV its share price hit $97.80, an all time high at that point and in May that price went up to $100 mark  [7]  . A next step to its success was selling the third party applications for its iPhone and iPod touch. Within a month, 60 millions application sold on this platform and brought in $ I million dollar on average. Three months later it was announced that Apple has become the third largest mobile handset supplier in the world due to the popularity of the iPhone  [8]  . Apple added a one more milestone in its success by targeting the market with its new iPad on January 27, 2010. It runs the same touch based operating system as iPhone and many of the application of iPhone are compatible with the iPad. On the launch day more than 300,000 units sold and this figure reached to 500,000 by the end of the first week  [9]  . Situational Analysis: Apple is one of the most successful companies of the time that bucked the traditional notions of what a corporate culture should look like in terms of organizational hierarchy. After doing the macro (PESTEL), industrial analysis we would be in a position to clearly analyse its current position and suggest further recommendations. Environmental Analysis: PESTEL Analysis For doing environmental analysis of Apple we will use the PESTEL analysis along with keeping of global forces as well. Demographic Economic P/Legal Environment Threats Opportunities Economic 1. Signs of economic turnaround are present but many consumers are unconvinced and spending less. Apple always sell products on premium prices so it may be out of consumer prices range 1. Economic recovery will cause spending. Apple innovative and high quality products attract the customers Demographic 1. Flattening of wages- Levelling Influence 1. Rising prices and stagnant leave workers and families with less money to spend on perceived luxury goods. 1.Apple known for high quality, dependability and long lasting products will attract customers seeking value for their money Political/Legal 1.Potential FCC Internet Regulation 2.Healthcare Reform 1. FCC internet regulations may stifle innovation on the internet, reducing new methods for Apple to capitalize the power of internet. 1.Apples useful portable device could be leveraged in modern healthcare settings, funded in part by government money, increasing demand Technological 1.Device Convergence 2.Shortening Product Lifecycle 1. Apple broad line of devices may become obsolete with the advent of multi-use portable devices. 2. Increased pressure to innovative may result in missed opportunities and inventories losses. 1. As a leader in portable devices Apple can innovate and lead the way in platform. 2. High RD commitments may propel. Apple led the industry by out-innovating competitors. Socio cultural 1.Increase desire for on-the-go devices 2. Greater concern for the environment. 1. Apples portable computers may lose relevance among new on-the-go devices. 2. Device manufacturing will be equated with pollution and climate change. 1. Apple can lead innovation in on-the-go devices utilizing RD portable knowhow. 2. Apples lead in environmentally- sound practices will be a marketing advantage. Global 1.Developing Chinese economy 2. Potential worldwide climate regulation. 1. The developing Chinese economy will require higher wages for factory workers. 2. Emissions regulation will impose huge burdens on Apples production costs. 1. Massive population with increased buying power for Apples products. 2. Apple has already made steps to improve environment- friendliness can be used to the firms advantage. Technological Global S/Cultural Industrial Analysis: For industrial analysis we make use of Porters five forces framework to assess the different forces that affect the overall industry in which firms operate. Porters Five Forces: Threat of New Entrant To analyse the threat of new entrant we have to consider the different barriers that make this threat nominal to sever. The barriers are Economies of Scale Apple had already experience of manufacturing mass- market consumer electronic devices, so Apple was not adversely affected by this barrier. Product Differentiation This trait goes in favour of Apple because Apple is the leader in the innovative products and Apple has certain amount of protection through the strength of its brand identity. But this product differentiation can be emulated to a certain degree. Capital Requirements Apple enjoys a slight advantage here but it may be quickly lost. If we talk about other companies they might have experience in manufacturing cell phones but not necessarily software. To compete with Apple they have to invest a lot on this sector. Second Apple is a leader in innovation as it uses to spend a huge capital on RD which is huge barrier for the new company to spend a significant amount of capital on RD. Access to Distribution Channels Apple remained successful in gaining access to a distribution channel and they also tied themselves exclusively to a single cell phone network. So the new entrant will have to take some time to reach to this level. So having analyzing these barriers we can say that the threat for new entrant for Apple is low to medium. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The main supplier of Apple Inc. is Intel for microprocessor chips and Apple has strategic alliance with Intel and Microsoft as Microsoft enable Apple users to use the Microsoft Windows operating system on its machine. So, Apple has to be very careful in managing its relation with these suppliers especially with Intel. So the bargaining power of suppliers is medium. Bargaining Power of Buyers: The bargaining power of buyers is low as its only Apple which always come with new innovative products. Even though its true that there are many competitors of Apple in the market for different products but even then people wait for Apples new invention. So, clearly the bargaining power of buyers is low in case of Apple. Threat of Substitute: The threat of substitute is high as Apple products are the premium products and there are lot of companies that are making products like mobile phones (iPhone) which are very similar in functionality and in shape. Second companies like DELL, ASCER and Microsoft has started penetrating in the mobile market shrinking the market share of Apple. So keeping in view of todays scenario the threat of substitute is higher for Apple Inc. Competitive Rivalry: The competition among the giants is very fierce and everyone is fighting for large market share through intensive price cuts and changes. The competitors of Apple are Microsoft, HTC, Dell, NOKIA and others. The competition is becoming tough and tough as most of the companies which were specialist in PC related stuff have started coming in the mobile and PC tablet market. Due to this the competition has become tougher and for more market growth and share, everyone is ready to take any sore of moves like price cuts, technology change, etc. The last step to evaluate the company position in conjunction to its industry we do the SWOT analysis which will depict what sort of strength/weaknesses it has what kind of opportunities and threats it has from its surroundings. Potential Entrant Threat Medium Threat of entry COMPETITIVE RIVALRY HIGH SUBSTITUTES High SUPPLIERS Low BUYERS Medium Bargaining Power Bargaining power Threat of substitutes Porters Five Forces Framework for Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Ease of use High Corporate Reputation Leader in Innovation and market leader Loyal customer base Strong Top Management Creative Style Weaknesses High prices Limited Distribution Channels Compatibility issues (e.g. with IBM) Poor Quality Control/Assurance Opportunities New social devices iTunes Distribution International markets Internet Growing industry Demand for innovation Threats Economic Situation Intensive Competition Potential Litigations Potential increase in supplys costs. Price competition Value Chain Analysis: Value Chain Activity Corresponding Firm Practice, Policy/Procedure General Administration A greener Apple reduction in energy use in production and transportation to match trend in green business. Strong cash position allows the firm to internally finance expansion and development without cost of capital. Human Resource Management Selective hiring process find and attract talent Generous employee benefits program retain industry-leading talent. Technological Development Research Development expenditure increased about 66% from 2007 to 2009 Patent filing protection of important inventions and innovations in the US and worldwide Procurement Positive relationships with suppliers EICC member, working to improve working conditions, created and enforces a Supplier Code of Conduct. Inbound Logistics Automated receiving systems reduce facility footprint and space requirements. Delegate raw materials acquisition offer supervision to OEM partners who carry out acquisition. Operations Utilizes OEMs economies of scale offshore production to save money on costs of build. Internal design design and conceptualize products internally Outbound Logistics Economical/Stylish Packaging eye-catching packaging takes up less space and weight, reducing shipping costs and costs of disposal. Apple Stores/Authorized Retailers working to maintain standards over presentation of products for sale. Direct shipment ship products from China to consumer to minimize inventory build-ups in costly locations. Marketing and Sales Get a Mac Ads Various direct/indirect favourable comparisons Strategic Choices: Taking its environment, industry and value chain analysis we may give some options available to Apple Inc. for its future growth in terms of more market share and profitability. These are given as: Reducing the costs of its products and maintaining the same quality standards. Opening of more retail shops for easy access and more physical presence. Providing facility for customization of its different products like Apple Mac Book and others. Consumer electronics diversification. Option 1: Reducing the costs of Products Apple has that kind of brand which attracts everyone but the only problem is the premium prices for its products. Apple can hit the market segment which can afford reasonable prices which we can say not much low and not too much high. By slightly reducing the prices and maintaining the same quality Apple can further dominate the market and achieve more market share. By doing it the major benefit that Apple will achieve is further brand awareness and customer loyalty. Evaluation of option 1: (SAF test) A useful way of looking at evaluation criteria is to view them as falling into three categories: Suitability, Feasibility, and Acceptability Johnson, G., and Scholes, K.(1997) As far as the suitability of this option is concerned, then lowering the prices will be suitable for Apple Inc. because most of competitors of Apple they start making the same products design wise and technology wise with lower prices. The company get two benefits with this strategic option. First it will get more customers who like Apple products but cant buy due to higher prices (means more market share) and the other benefit is killing the competition. So, in my point of view this option fulfils all the three parameters of SAF test. Option 2: Opening of more retail Shops By providing more points of direct contact with the buyers will enable Apple to provide better service to customers and bring the Apple more customer and experience to more people. Apples retail stores have been largely successful, that success can be furthered in new locations within USA, UK and other countries. Apple should practice great caution to avoid over- saturation to retain the halo surrounding the stores and maintain their status as a destination. Evaluation of option 2 (SAF Test) By introducing Apple stores provided Apple with an important physical presence to act as both point of sales locations and an advertisement. Opening of more retail outlets will provide Apple more control on the image of brand and provide excellent customer services. Apple comes in the top retailers in- stores sales, generating $4,032 per retail square foot per year, beating other retailers like Tiffany Co. At $2,666 and Best Buy at only $930.  [10]  Matching success and impact like the Apple store model is hard for others to achieve. Apple possesses all resources like capital and top management to consider this option which can prove one step further in its growing success. Option3: Customization of products Dell has taken a lead from all its competitors in providing customized products to its customer through its website. Dell has set a model for its competitors. Apple can contribute to this area by offering customised products like Mac Book and other through its website. In this way you are buying your customer and giving them what they want. The customer will be more satisfied and happy with the services. Customization will provide efficient value chain management and reduces the inventory level. Evaluation of Option3 (SAF Test) Today is the day of internet and most of leading companies are trading through their websites. Now a days the customers are well IT equipped and more aware. They buy what they want not what the gives. By offering customized products you are giving the customer what they want and biding them. Apple has great intellectual assets, so it is easier to come up with business model which will facilitate Apple to provide customized products to its customers. Secondly it will require minimal capital but its results will be outstanding. There is only one time cost and life time rewards attached to this option. So considering all these aspects, this option is quite good for Apples future growth and sustainable competitive advantage. Option 4: Consumer Electronic Diversification Apple already has a well positioned diversified strategy, but it can broaden its scope while creating value in related and unrelated markets including eBooks and medical equipment. We just examine its current diversification beginning with full sized desktop computers to now a days notebook computer, mobile phones, digital music players, iPad. Despite of this broad range of diversification, opportunities are still there for Apple to avail in further diversification. Evaluation of Option 4 (SAF Test) If we take United States or UK the medical equipment and related devices are growth area of economy. As new healthcare legislation is enacted the importance of modernizing our system will come to forefront. Apples innovative and high quality portable devices would provide excellent platforms for care providers to get benefit of streamlining care. In order get more value from this area and to reduce the capital investment Apple should work with medical equipment manufacturers and core providers to establish Apples devices. Apple can open its portable and mobile platforms for development of unique and efficient medical tools using a combination of new digital medical technologies and current technology of connectivity. Good examples of future products can be digital thermometers and blood pressure monitors that connect through USB to Apple device to automatically log measurements and do real time analysis based on historical values to identify trends. Apple can take advantage of being first mover in this kind of products. After presenting the different aspects we may conclude that this option is valuable for Apple Inc. Recommendations: Based on the above analysis, it is recommended that Apple Inc. formulates a strategy of offering customized products to its consumers to gain more customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Consumer specific customization and hardware packaging- increase product diversification and eliminate threat of competitive alternatives. It will help Apple to strip certain features and hence reduce costs. The sales will be increased and Apple will a far larger customer base. Secondly it should gain access to additional distribution channels and sales outlets in the international markets (International Presence). It has substantial presence internationally but still has to be introduced in many Asian countries including China, Arab countries and most of Africa. Apple should drive down the costs per unit to enable price reductions and attract more customers. In this way it will not capture more market share but also beat the competition increasing in the market. It should exploit its RD to innov ate, should create products with similar usability but at lower costs. Especially in the deep recession period people might respond better to lower prices. It has no doubt that Apple is very good in introducing excellent design and innovative products but we have seen a consistent problem with Apples quality control and assurance department. So, Apple should stress on improving in this area to preserve its brand image as well as to win the customer confidence on its products.